From fcbc8951da11ad4c8378598c156edead3c8edba4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jeremy Soller <jackpot51@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 19 Sep 2016 18:29:28 -0600
Subject: [PATCH] Minimize locking in schemes. Reenable pcid and ion launch in
 init. WIP: Userspace schemes

---
 scheme/debug.rs    |  12 +--
 scheme/env.rs      |  40 +++++----
 scheme/initfs.rs   |  42 ++++-----
 scheme/irq.rs      |  12 +--
 scheme/mod.rs      |  33 +++----
 scheme/user.rs     | 217 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 syscall/error.rs   |   6 ++
 syscall/fs.rs      | 109 ++++++++++++++---------
 syscall/process.rs |   9 +-
 9 files changed, 367 insertions(+), 113 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 scheme/user.rs

diff --git a/scheme/debug.rs b/scheme/debug.rs
index c3b77d88..a2821916 100644
--- a/scheme/debug.rs
+++ b/scheme/debug.rs
@@ -23,18 +23,18 @@ pub extern fn debug_input(b: u8) {
 pub struct DebugScheme;
 
 impl Scheme for DebugScheme {
-    fn open(&mut self, _path: &[u8], _flags: usize) -> Result<usize> {
+    fn open(&self, _path: &[u8], _flags: usize) -> Result<usize> {
         Ok(0)
     }
 
-    fn dup(&mut self, _file: usize) -> Result<usize> {
+    fn dup(&self, _file: usize) -> Result<usize> {
         Ok(0)
     }
 
     /// Read the file `number` into the `buffer`
     ///
     /// Returns the number of bytes read
-    fn read(&mut self, _file: usize, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize> {
+    fn read(&self, _file: usize, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize> {
         loop {
             let mut i = 0;
             {
@@ -56,18 +56,18 @@ impl Scheme for DebugScheme {
     /// Write the `buffer` to the `file`
     ///
     /// Returns the number of bytes written
-    fn write(&mut self, _file: usize, buffer: &[u8]) -> Result<usize> {
+    fn write(&self, _file: usize, buffer: &[u8]) -> Result<usize> {
         //TODO: Write bytes, do not convert to str
         print!("{}", unsafe { str::from_utf8_unchecked(buffer) });
         Ok(buffer.len())
     }
 
-    fn fsync(&mut self, _file: usize) -> Result<()> {
+    fn fsync(&self, _file: usize) -> Result<()> {
         Ok(())
     }
 
     /// Close the file `number`
-    fn close(&mut self, _file: usize) -> Result<()> {
+    fn close(&self, _file: usize) -> Result<()> {
         Ok(())
     }
 }
diff --git a/scheme/env.rs b/scheme/env.rs
index 6e577833..98c0948b 100644
--- a/scheme/env.rs
+++ b/scheme/env.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 use collections::BTreeMap;
+use core::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering};
+use spin::RwLock;
 
 use syscall::{Error, Result};
 use super::Scheme;
@@ -9,9 +11,9 @@ struct Handle {
 }
 
 pub struct EnvScheme {
-    next_id: usize,
+    next_id: AtomicUsize,
     files: BTreeMap<&'static [u8], &'static [u8]>,
-    handles: BTreeMap<usize, Handle>
+    handles: RwLock<BTreeMap<usize, Handle>>
 }
 
 impl EnvScheme {
@@ -24,20 +26,19 @@ impl EnvScheme {
         files.insert(b"LINES", b"30");
 
         EnvScheme {
-            next_id: 0,
+            next_id: AtomicUsize::new(0),
             files: files,
-            handles: BTreeMap::new()
+            handles: RwLock::new(BTreeMap::new())
         }
     }
 }
 
 impl Scheme for EnvScheme {
-    fn open(&mut self, path: &[u8], _flags: usize) -> Result<usize> {
+    fn open(&self, path: &[u8], _flags: usize) -> Result<usize> {
         let data = self.files.get(path).ok_or(Error::NoEntry)?;
 
-        let id = self.next_id;
-        self.next_id += 1;
-        self.handles.insert(id, Handle {
+        let id = self.next_id.fetch_add(1, Ordering::SeqCst);
+        self.handles.write().insert(id, Handle {
             data: data,
             seek: 0
         });
@@ -45,15 +46,15 @@ impl Scheme for EnvScheme {
         Ok(id)
     }
 
-    fn dup(&mut self, file: usize) -> Result<usize> {
+    fn dup(&self, file: usize) -> Result<usize> {
         let (data, seek) = {
-            let handle = self.handles.get(&file).ok_or(Error::BadFile)?;
+            let handles = self.handles.read();
+            let handle = handles.get(&file).ok_or(Error::BadFile)?;
             (handle.data, handle.seek)
         };
 
-        let id = self.next_id;
-        self.next_id += 1;
-        self.handles.insert(id, Handle {
+        let id = self.next_id.fetch_add(1, Ordering::SeqCst);
+        self.handles.write().insert(id, Handle {
             data: data,
             seek: seek
         });
@@ -61,8 +62,9 @@ impl Scheme for EnvScheme {
         Ok(id)
     }
 
-    fn read(&mut self, file: usize, buffer: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize> {
-        let mut handle = self.handles.get_mut(&file).ok_or(Error::BadFile)?;
+    fn read(&self, file: usize, buffer: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize> {
+        let mut handles = self.handles.write();
+        let mut handle = handles.get_mut(&file).ok_or(Error::BadFile)?;
 
         let mut i = 0;
         while i < buffer.len() && handle.seek < handle.data.len() {
@@ -74,15 +76,15 @@ impl Scheme for EnvScheme {
         Ok(i)
     }
 
-    fn write(&mut self, _file: usize, _buffer: &[u8]) -> Result<usize> {
+    fn write(&self, _file: usize, _buffer: &[u8]) -> Result<usize> {
         Err(Error::NotPermitted)
     }
 
-    fn fsync(&mut self, _file: usize) -> Result<()> {
+    fn fsync(&self, _file: usize) -> Result<()> {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn close(&mut self, file: usize) -> Result<()> {
-        self.handles.remove(&file).ok_or(Error::BadFile).and(Ok(()))
+    fn close(&self, file: usize) -> Result<()> {
+        self.handles.write().remove(&file).ok_or(Error::BadFile).and(Ok(()))
     }
 }
diff --git a/scheme/initfs.rs b/scheme/initfs.rs
index 96d7d35d..186d89d0 100644
--- a/scheme/initfs.rs
+++ b/scheme/initfs.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 use collections::BTreeMap;
+use core::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering};
+use spin::RwLock;
 
 use syscall::{Error, Result};
 use super::Scheme;
@@ -9,9 +11,9 @@ struct Handle {
 }
 
 pub struct InitFsScheme {
-    next_id: usize,
+    next_id: AtomicUsize,
     files: BTreeMap<&'static [u8], &'static [u8]>,
-    handles: BTreeMap<usize, Handle>
+    handles: RwLock<BTreeMap<usize, Handle>>
 }
 
 impl InitFsScheme {
@@ -22,23 +24,22 @@ impl InitFsScheme {
         files.insert(b"bin/ion", include_bytes!("../../build/userspace/ion"));
         files.insert(b"bin/pcid", include_bytes!("../../build/userspace/pcid"));
         files.insert(b"bin/ps2d", include_bytes!("../../build/userspace/ps2d"));
-        files.insert(b"etc/init.rc", b"#initfs:bin/pcid\ninitfs:bin/ps2d\n#initfs:bin/ion");
+        files.insert(b"etc/init.rc", b"initfs:bin/pcid\ninitfs:bin/ps2d\ninitfs:bin/ion");
 
         InitFsScheme {
-            next_id: 0,
+            next_id: AtomicUsize::new(0),
             files: files,
-            handles: BTreeMap::new()
+            handles: RwLock::new(BTreeMap::new())
         }
     }
 }
 
 impl Scheme for InitFsScheme {
-    fn open(&mut self, path: &[u8], _flags: usize) -> Result<usize> {
+    fn open(&self, path: &[u8], _flags: usize) -> Result<usize> {
         let data = self.files.get(path).ok_or(Error::NoEntry)?;
 
-        let id = self.next_id;
-        self.next_id += 1;
-        self.handles.insert(id, Handle {
+        let id = self.next_id.fetch_add(1, Ordering::SeqCst);
+        self.handles.write().insert(id, Handle {
             data: data,
             seek: 0
         });
@@ -46,15 +47,15 @@ impl Scheme for InitFsScheme {
         Ok(id)
     }
 
-    fn dup(&mut self, file: usize) -> Result<usize> {
+    fn dup(&self, file: usize) -> Result<usize> {
         let (data, seek) = {
-            let handle = self.handles.get(&file).ok_or(Error::BadFile)?;
+            let handles = self.handles.read();
+            let handle = handles.get(&file).ok_or(Error::BadFile)?;
             (handle.data, handle.seek)
         };
 
-        let id = self.next_id;
-        self.next_id += 1;
-        self.handles.insert(id, Handle {
+        let id = self.next_id.fetch_add(1, Ordering::SeqCst);
+        self.handles.write().insert(id, Handle {
             data: data,
             seek: seek
         });
@@ -62,8 +63,9 @@ impl Scheme for InitFsScheme {
         Ok(id)
     }
 
-    fn read(&mut self, file: usize, buffer: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize> {
-        let mut handle = self.handles.get_mut(&file).ok_or(Error::BadFile)?;
+    fn read(&self, file: usize, buffer: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize> {
+        let mut handles = self.handles.write();
+        let mut handle = handles.get_mut(&file).ok_or(Error::BadFile)?;
 
         let mut i = 0;
         while i < buffer.len() && handle.seek < handle.data.len() {
@@ -75,15 +77,15 @@ impl Scheme for InitFsScheme {
         Ok(i)
     }
 
-    fn write(&mut self, _file: usize, _buffer: &[u8]) -> Result<usize> {
+    fn write(&self, _file: usize, _buffer: &[u8]) -> Result<usize> {
         Err(Error::NotPermitted)
     }
 
-    fn fsync(&mut self, _file: usize) -> Result<()> {
+    fn fsync(&self, _file: usize) -> Result<()> {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn close(&mut self, file: usize) -> Result<()> {
-        self.handles.remove(&file).ok_or(Error::BadFile).and(Ok(()))
+    fn close(&self, file: usize) -> Result<()> {
+        self.handles.write().remove(&file).ok_or(Error::BadFile).and(Ok(()))
     }
 }
diff --git a/scheme/irq.rs b/scheme/irq.rs
index 2e762d44..41928b00 100644
--- a/scheme/irq.rs
+++ b/scheme/irq.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use super::Scheme;
 pub struct IrqScheme;
 
 impl Scheme for IrqScheme {
-    fn open(&mut self, path: &[u8], _flags: usize) -> Result<usize> {
+    fn open(&self, path: &[u8], _flags: usize) -> Result<usize> {
         let path_str = str::from_utf8(path).or(Err(Error::NoEntry))?;
 
         let id = path_str.parse::<usize>().or(Err(Error::NoEntry))?;
@@ -19,11 +19,11 @@ impl Scheme for IrqScheme {
         }
     }
 
-    fn dup(&mut self, file: usize) -> Result<usize> {
+    fn dup(&self, file: usize) -> Result<usize> {
         Ok(file)
     }
 
-    fn read(&mut self, file: usize, buffer: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize> {
+    fn read(&self, file: usize, buffer: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize> {
         // Ensures that the length of the buffer is larger than the size of a usize
         if buffer.len() >= mem::size_of::<usize>() {
             let ack = ACKS.lock()[file];
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ impl Scheme for IrqScheme {
         }
     }
 
-    fn write(&mut self, file: usize, buffer: &[u8]) -> Result<usize> {
+    fn write(&self, file: usize, buffer: &[u8]) -> Result<usize> {
         if buffer.len() >= mem::size_of::<usize>() {
             assert!(buffer.len() >= mem::size_of::<usize>());
             let ack = unsafe { *(buffer.as_ptr() as *const usize) };
@@ -58,11 +58,11 @@ impl Scheme for IrqScheme {
         }
     }
 
-    fn fsync(&mut self, _file: usize) -> Result<()> {
+    fn fsync(&self, _file: usize) -> Result<()> {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn close(&mut self, _file: usize) -> Result<()> {
+    fn close(&self, _file: usize) -> Result<()> {
         Ok(())
     }
 }
diff --git a/scheme/mod.rs b/scheme/mod.rs
index 6ca5c135..41e79781 100644
--- a/scheme/mod.rs
+++ b/scheme/mod.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use alloc::boxed::Box;
 
 use collections::BTreeMap;
 
-use spin::{Once, Mutex, RwLock, RwLockReadGuard, RwLockWriteGuard};
+use spin::{Once, RwLock, RwLockReadGuard, RwLockWriteGuard};
 
 use syscall::{Error, Result};
 
@@ -32,12 +32,15 @@ pub mod initfs;
 /// IRQ handling
 pub mod irq;
 
+/// Userspace schemes
+//pub mod user;
+
 /// Limit on number of schemes
 pub const SCHEME_MAX_SCHEMES: usize = 65536;
 
 /// Scheme list type
 pub struct SchemeList {
-    map: BTreeMap<usize, Arc<Mutex<Box<Scheme + Send>>>>,
+    map: BTreeMap<usize, Arc<Box<Scheme + Send + Sync>>>,
     names: BTreeMap<Box<[u8]>, usize>,
     next_id: usize
 }
@@ -53,11 +56,11 @@ impl SchemeList {
     }
 
     /// Get the nth scheme.
-    pub fn get(&self, id: usize) -> Option<&Arc<Mutex<Box<Scheme + Send>>>> {
+    pub fn get(&self, id: usize) -> Option<&Arc<Box<Scheme + Send + Sync>>> {
         self.map.get(&id)
     }
 
-    pub fn get_name(&self, name: &[u8]) -> Option<(usize, &Arc<Mutex<Box<Scheme + Send>>>)> {
+    pub fn get_name(&self, name: &[u8]) -> Option<(usize, &Arc<Box<Scheme + Send + Sync>>)> {
         if let Some(&id) = self.names.get(name) {
             self.get(id).map(|scheme| (id, scheme))
         } else {
@@ -66,7 +69,7 @@ impl SchemeList {
     }
 
     /// Create a new scheme.
-    pub fn insert(&mut self, name: Box<[u8]>, scheme: Arc<Mutex<Box<Scheme + Send>>>) -> Result<&Arc<Mutex<Box<Scheme + Send>>>> {
+    pub fn insert(&mut self, name: Box<[u8]>, scheme: Arc<Box<Scheme + Send + Sync>>) -> Result<&Arc<Box<Scheme + Send + Sync>>> {
         if self.names.contains_key(&name) {
             return Err(Error::FileExists);
         }
@@ -99,10 +102,10 @@ static SCHEMES: Once<RwLock<SchemeList>> = Once::new();
 /// Initialize schemes, called if needed
 fn init_schemes() -> RwLock<SchemeList> {
     let mut list: SchemeList = SchemeList::new();
-    list.insert(Box::new(*b"debug"), Arc::new(Mutex::new(Box::new(DebugScheme)))).expect("failed to insert debug: scheme");
-    list.insert(Box::new(*b"env"), Arc::new(Mutex::new(Box::new(EnvScheme::new())))).expect("failed to insert env: scheme");
-    list.insert(Box::new(*b"initfs"), Arc::new(Mutex::new(Box::new(InitFsScheme::new())))).expect("failed to insert initfs: scheme");
-    list.insert(Box::new(*b"irq"), Arc::new(Mutex::new(Box::new(IrqScheme)))).expect("failed to insert irq: scheme");
+    list.insert(Box::new(*b"debug"), Arc::new(Box::new(DebugScheme))).expect("failed to insert debug: scheme");
+    list.insert(Box::new(*b"env"), Arc::new(Box::new(EnvScheme::new()))).expect("failed to insert env: scheme");
+    list.insert(Box::new(*b"initfs"), Arc::new(Box::new(InitFsScheme::new()))).expect("failed to insert initfs: scheme");
+    list.insert(Box::new(*b"irq"), Arc::new(Box::new(IrqScheme))).expect("failed to insert irq: scheme");
     RwLock::new(list)
 }
 
@@ -121,26 +124,26 @@ pub trait Scheme {
     /// Open the file at `path` with `flags`.
     ///
     /// Returns a file descriptor or an error
-    fn open(&mut self, path: &[u8], flags: usize) -> Result<usize>;
+    fn open(&self, path: &[u8], flags: usize) -> Result<usize>;
 
     /// Duplicate an open file descriptor
     ///
     /// Returns a file descriptor or an error
-    fn dup(&mut self, file: usize) -> Result<usize>;
+    fn dup(&self, file: usize) -> Result<usize>;
 
     /// Read from some file descriptor into the `buffer`
     ///
     /// Returns the number of bytes read
-    fn read(&mut self, file: usize, buffer: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize>;
+    fn read(&self, file: usize, buffer: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize>;
 
     /// Write the `buffer` to the file descriptor
     ///
     /// Returns the number of bytes written
-    fn write(&mut self, file: usize, buffer: &[u8]) -> Result<usize>;
+    fn write(&self, file: usize, buffer: &[u8]) -> Result<usize>;
 
     /// Sync the file descriptor
-    fn fsync(&mut self, file: usize) -> Result<()>;
+    fn fsync(&self, file: usize) -> Result<()>;
 
     /// Close the file descriptor
-    fn close(&mut self, file: usize) -> Result<()>;
+    fn close(&self, file: usize) -> Result<()>;
 }
diff --git a/scheme/user.rs b/scheme/user.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..23b9c719
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scheme/user.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+use alloc::arc::{Arc, Weak};
+use alloc::boxed::Box;
+
+use collections::{BTreeMap, VecDeque};
+
+use core::cell::Cell;
+use core::mem::size_of;
+use core::ops::DerefMut;
+use core::{ptr, slice};
+
+use syscall::{Call, Error, Result};
+
+use super::Scheme;
+
+/// UserScheme has to be wrapped
+pub struct UserScheme {
+    next_id: Cell<usize>,
+    todo: VecDeque<(usize, (usize, usize, usize, usize))>,
+    done: BTreeMap<usize, (usize, usize, usize, usize)>,
+}
+
+impl UserScheme {
+    fn call(&self, a: Call, b: usize, c: usize, d: usize) -> Result<usize> {
+        let id = self.next_id.get();
+
+        //TODO: What should be done about collisions in self.todo or self.done?
+        let mut next_id = id + 1;
+        if next_id <= 0 {
+            next_id = 1;
+        }
+        self.next_id.set(next_id);
+
+        // println!("{} {}: {} {} {:X} {:X} {:X}", UserScheme.name, id, a, ::syscall::name(a), b, c, d);
+
+        Ok(0)
+    }
+
+    fn capture(&self, mut physical_address: usize, size: usize, writeable: bool) -> Result<usize> {
+        Ok(0)
+    }
+
+    fn release(&self, virtual_address: usize) {
+
+    }
+}
+
+impl Scheme for UserScheme {
+    fn open(&mut self, path: &[u8], flags: usize) -> Result<usize> {
+        let virtual_address = try!(self.capture(path.as_ptr() as usize, path.len(), false));
+
+        let result = self.call(Call::Open, virtual_address, path.len(), flags);
+
+        self.release(virtual_address);
+
+        result
+    }
+
+    /*
+    fn mkdir(&mut self, path: &str, flags: usize) -> Result<()> {
+        let virtual_address = try!(self.capture(path.as_ptr() as usize, path.len(), false));
+
+        let result = self.call(Call::MkDir, virtual_address, path.len(), flags);
+
+        self.release(virtual_address);
+
+        result.and(Ok(()))
+    }
+
+    fn rmdir(&mut self, path: &str) -> Result<()> {
+        let virtual_address = try!(self.capture(path.as_ptr() as usize, path.len(), false));
+
+        let result = self.call(SYS_RMDIR, virtual_address, path.len(), 0);
+
+        self.release(virtual_address);
+
+        result.and(Ok(()))
+    }
+
+    fn unlink(&mut self, path: &str) -> Result<()> {
+        let virtual_address = try!(self.capture(path.as_ptr() as usize, path.len(), false));
+
+        let result = self.call(SYS_UNLINK, virtual_address, path.len(), 0);
+
+        self.release(virtual_address);
+
+        result.and(Ok(()))
+    }
+    */
+
+    /// Duplicate the resource
+    fn dup(&mut self, file: usize) -> Result<usize> {
+        self.call(Call::Dup, file, 0, 0)
+    }
+
+    /*
+    /// Return the URL of this resource
+    fn path(&self, file: usize, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result <usize> {
+        let contexts = unsafe { & *::env().contexts.get() };
+        let current = try!(contexts.current());
+        if let Ok(physical_address) = current.translate(buf.as_mut_ptr() as usize, buf.len()) {
+            let offset = physical_address % 4096;
+
+            let virtual_address = try!(self.capture(physical_address - offset, buf.len() + offset, true));
+
+            let result = self.call(SYS_FPATH, file, virtual_address + offset, buf.len());
+
+            //println!("Read {:X} mapped from {:X} to {:X} offset {} length {} size {} result {:?}", physical_address, buf.as_ptr() as usize, virtual_address + offset, offset, buf.len(), virtual_size, result);
+
+            self.release(virtual_address);
+
+            result
+        } else {
+            println!("{}:{} fault {:X} {}", file!(), line!(), buf.as_ptr() as usize, buf.len());
+            Err(Error::Fault)
+        }
+    }
+    */
+
+    /// Read data to buffer
+    fn read(&mut self, file: usize, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize> {
+        /*
+        let contexts = unsafe { & *::env().contexts.get() };
+        let current = try!(contexts.current());
+        if let Ok(physical_address) = current.translate(buf.as_mut_ptr() as usize, buf.len()) {
+            let offset = physical_address % 4096;
+
+            let virtual_address = try!(self.capture(physical_address - offset, buf.len() + offset, true));
+
+            let result = self.call(Call::Read, file, virtual_address + offset, buf.len());
+
+            //println!("Read {:X} mapped from {:X} to {:X} offset {} length {} size {} result {:?}", physical_address, buf.as_ptr() as usize, virtual_address + offset, offset, buf.len(), virtual_size, result);
+
+            self.release(virtual_address);
+
+            result
+        } else */
+        {
+            println!("{}:{} fault {:X} {}", file!(), line!(), buf.as_ptr() as usize, buf.len());
+            Err(Error::Fault)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Write to resource
+    fn write(&mut self, file: usize, buf: &[u8]) -> Result<usize> {
+        /*
+        let contexts = unsafe { & *::env().contexts.get() };
+        let current = try!(contexts.current());
+        if let Ok(physical_address) = current.translate(buf.as_ptr() as usize, buf.len()) {
+            let offset = physical_address % 4096;
+
+            let virtual_address = try!(self.capture(physical_address - offset, buf.len() + offset, false));
+
+            let result = self.call(Call::Write, file, virtual_address + offset, buf.len());
+
+            // println!("Write {:X} mapped from {:X} to {:X} offset {} length {} result {:?}", physical_address, buf.as_ptr() as usize, virtual_address + offset, offset, buf.len(), result);
+
+            self.release(virtual_address);
+
+            result
+        } else */
+        {
+            println!("{}:{} fault {:X} {}", file!(), line!(), buf.as_ptr() as usize, buf.len());
+            Err(Error::Fault)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*
+    /// Seek
+    fn seek(&mut self, file: usize, pos: ResourceSeek) -> Result<usize> {
+        let (whence, offset) = match pos {
+            ResourceSeek::Start(offset) => (SEEK_SET, offset as usize),
+            ResourceSeek::Current(offset) => (SEEK_CUR, offset as usize),
+            ResourceSeek::End(offset) => (SEEK_END, offset as usize)
+        };
+
+        self.call(SYS_LSEEK, file, offset, whence)
+    }
+
+    /// Stat the resource
+    fn stat(&self, file: usize, stat: &mut Stat) -> Result<()> {
+        let buf = unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts_mut(stat as *mut Stat as *mut u8, size_of::<Stat>()) };
+
+        let contexts = unsafe { & *::env().contexts.get() };
+        let current = try!(contexts.current());
+        if let Ok(physical_address) = current.translate(buf.as_mut_ptr() as usize, buf.len()) {
+            let offset = physical_address % 4096;
+
+            let virtual_address = try!(self.capture(physical_address - offset, buf.len() + offset, true));
+
+            let result = self.call(SYS_FSTAT, file, virtual_address + offset, 0);
+
+            self.release(virtual_address);
+
+            result.and(Ok(()))
+        } else {
+            println!("{}:{} fault {:X} {}", file!(), line!(), buf.as_ptr() as usize, buf.len());
+            Err(Error::Fault)
+        }
+    }
+    */
+
+    /// Sync the resource
+    fn fsync(&mut self, file: usize) -> Result<()> {
+        self.call(Call::FSync, file, 0, 0).and(Ok(()))
+    }
+
+    /*
+    /// Truncate the resource
+    fn truncate(&mut self, file: usize, len: usize) -> Result<()> {
+        self.call(SYS_FTRUNCATE, file, len, 0).and(Ok(()))
+    }
+    */
+
+    fn close(&mut self, file: usize) -> Result<()> {
+        self.call(Call::Close, file, 0, 0).and(Ok(()))
+    }
+}
diff --git a/syscall/error.rs b/syscall/error.rs
index ad37b336..e71a8ca8 100644
--- a/syscall/error.rs
+++ b/syscall/error.rs
@@ -15,12 +15,18 @@ pub enum Error {
     BadFile = 9,
     /// Try again
     TryAgain = 11,
+    /// Bad address
+    Fault = 14,
     /// File exists
     FileExists = 17,
+    /// No such device
+    NoDevice = 19,
     /// Invalid argument
     InvalidValue = 22,
     /// Too many open files
     TooManyFiles = 24,
+    /// Illegal seek
+    IllegalSeek = 29,
     /// Syscall not implemented
     NoCall = 38
 }
diff --git a/syscall/fs.rs b/syscall/fs.rs
index d68727d5..15a24539 100644
--- a/syscall/fs.rs
+++ b/syscall/fs.rs
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ use scheme;
 
 use super::{Error, Result};
 
+/// Change the current working directory
 pub fn chdir(path: &[u8]) -> Result<usize> {
     let contexts = context::contexts();
     let context_lock = contexts.current().ok_or(Error::NoProcess)?;
@@ -14,6 +15,7 @@ pub fn chdir(path: &[u8]) -> Result<usize> {
     Ok(0)
 }
 
+/// Get the current working directory
 pub fn getcwd(buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize> {
     let contexts = context::contexts();
     let context_lock = contexts.current().ok_or(Error::NoProcess)?;
@@ -27,38 +29,6 @@ pub fn getcwd(buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize> {
     Ok(i)
 }
 
-/// Read syscall
-pub fn read(fd: usize, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize> {
-    let file = {
-        let contexts = context::contexts();
-        let context_lock = contexts.current().ok_or(Error::NoProcess)?;
-        let context = context_lock.read();
-        let file = context.get_file(fd).ok_or(Error::BadFile)?;
-        file
-    };
-
-    let schemes = scheme::schemes();
-    let scheme_mutex = schemes.get(file.scheme).ok_or(Error::BadFile)?;
-    let result = scheme_mutex.lock().read(file.number, buf);
-    result
-}
-
-/// Write syscall
-pub fn write(fd: usize, buf: &[u8]) -> Result<usize> {
-    let file = {
-        let contexts = context::contexts();
-        let context_lock = contexts.current().ok_or(Error::NoProcess)?;
-        let context = context_lock.read();
-        let file = context.get_file(fd).ok_or(Error::BadFile)?;
-        file
-    };
-
-    let schemes = scheme::schemes();
-    let scheme_mutex = schemes.get(file.scheme).ok_or(Error::BadFile)?;
-    let result = scheme_mutex.lock().write(file.number, buf);
-    result
-}
-
 /// Open syscall
 pub fn open(path: &[u8], flags: usize) -> Result<usize> {
     let path_canon = {
@@ -74,9 +44,12 @@ pub fn open(path: &[u8], flags: usize) -> Result<usize> {
 
     let (scheme_id, file_id) = {
         let namespace = namespace_opt.ok_or(Error::NoEntry)?;
-        let schemes = scheme::schemes();
-        let (scheme_id, scheme_mutex) = schemes.get_name(namespace).ok_or(Error::NoEntry)?;
-        let file_id = scheme_mutex.lock().open(reference_opt.unwrap_or(b""), flags)?;
+        let (scheme_id, scheme) = {
+            let schemes = scheme::schemes();
+            let (scheme_id, scheme) = schemes.get_name(namespace).ok_or(Error::NoEntry)?;
+            (scheme_id, scheme.clone())
+        };
+        let file_id = scheme.open(reference_opt.unwrap_or(b""), flags)?;
         (scheme_id, file_id)
     };
 
@@ -99,9 +72,12 @@ pub fn close(fd: usize) -> Result<usize> {
         file
     };
 
-    let schemes = scheme::schemes();
-    let scheme_mutex = schemes.get(file.scheme).ok_or(Error::BadFile)?;
-    let result = scheme_mutex.lock().close(file.number).and(Ok(0));
+    let scheme = {
+        let schemes = scheme::schemes();
+        let scheme = schemes.get(file.scheme).ok_or(Error::BadFile)?;
+        scheme.clone()
+    };
+    let result = scheme.close(file.number).and(Ok(0));
     result
 }
 
@@ -115,12 +91,16 @@ pub fn dup(fd: usize) -> Result<usize> {
         file
     };
 
-    let schemes = scheme::schemes();
-    let scheme_mutex = schemes.get(file.scheme).ok_or(Error::BadFile)?;
-    let result = scheme_mutex.lock().dup(file.number);
+    let scheme = {
+        let schemes = scheme::schemes();
+        let scheme = schemes.get(file.scheme).ok_or(Error::BadFile)?;
+        scheme.clone()
+    };
+    let result = scheme.dup(file.number);
     result
 }
 
+/// Sync the file descriptor
 pub fn fsync(fd: usize) -> Result<usize> {
     let file = {
         let contexts = context::contexts();
@@ -130,8 +110,49 @@ pub fn fsync(fd: usize) -> Result<usize> {
         file
     };
 
-    let schemes = scheme::schemes();
-    let scheme_mutex = schemes.get(file.scheme).ok_or(Error::BadFile)?;
-    let result = scheme_mutex.lock().fsync(file.number).and(Ok(0));
+    let scheme = {
+        let schemes = scheme::schemes();
+        let scheme = schemes.get(file.scheme).ok_or(Error::BadFile)?;
+        scheme.clone()
+    };
+    let result = scheme.fsync(file.number).and(Ok(0));
+    result
+}
+
+/// Read syscall
+pub fn read(fd: usize, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize> {
+    let file = {
+        let contexts = context::contexts();
+        let context_lock = contexts.current().ok_or(Error::NoProcess)?;
+        let context = context_lock.read();
+        let file = context.get_file(fd).ok_or(Error::BadFile)?;
+        file
+    };
+
+    let scheme = {
+        let schemes = scheme::schemes();
+        let scheme = schemes.get(file.scheme).ok_or(Error::BadFile)?;
+        scheme.clone()
+    };
+    let result = scheme.read(file.number, buf);
+    result
+}
+
+/// Write syscall
+pub fn write(fd: usize, buf: &[u8]) -> Result<usize> {
+    let file = {
+        let contexts = context::contexts();
+        let context_lock = contexts.current().ok_or(Error::NoProcess)?;
+        let context = context_lock.read();
+        let file = context.get_file(fd).ok_or(Error::BadFile)?;
+        file
+    };
+
+    let scheme = {
+        let schemes = scheme::schemes();
+        let scheme = schemes.get(file.scheme).ok_or(Error::BadFile)?;
+        scheme.clone()
+    };
+    let result = scheme.write(file.number, buf);
     result
 }
diff --git a/syscall/process.rs b/syscall/process.rs
index f05271a9..081b5870 100644
--- a/syscall/process.rs
+++ b/syscall/process.rs
@@ -178,9 +178,12 @@ pub fn clone(flags: usize, stack_base: usize) -> Result<usize> {
                 for (fd, file_option) in context.files.lock().iter().enumerate() {
                     if let Some(file) = *file_option {
                         let result = {
-                            let schemes = scheme::schemes();
-                            let scheme_mutex = schemes.get(file.scheme).ok_or(Error::BadFile)?;
-                            let result = scheme_mutex.lock().dup(file.number);
+                            let scheme = {
+                                let schemes = scheme::schemes();
+                                let scheme = schemes.get(file.scheme).ok_or(Error::BadFile)?;
+                                scheme.clone()
+                            };
+                            let result = scheme.dup(file.number);
                             result
                         };
                         match result {
-- 
GitLab