redoxfs: Add '--get-uuid' support

With this, `redoxfs --get-uuid <disk>` prints out the UUID of the
provided redoxfs disk image.

This is needed especially for aarch64 kernels where the UUID of the boot
disk needs to be passed to the kernel by the bootloader. With this
extension to the mount command, the kernel build glue can query the
prepared redoxfs image for it's UUID.