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content/news/release-0.9.0.md 0 → 100644
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title = "Redox OS 0.9.0"
author = "Ron Williams, Ribbon and Jeremy Soller"
date = "2024-09-09"
+++
![Programs running in Redox 0.9.0](/img/screenshot/programs1.png)
![Orbital in Redox 0.9.0](/img/screenshot/orbital-0.9.0.png)
## Overview
It's been quite a while since we had our last release, but we have been heads-down working hard this whole time,
and Release 0.9.0 is packed with new features, improvements, bug fixes and cleanup.
We would like to thank all maintainers and contributors whose hard work has made this release possible.
Here are just a few of the highlights!
- Much improved process/thread lifecycle and signaling, thanks to funding from [NLnet](https://nlnet.nl/project/RedoxOS-Signals/)
- Massive performance and stability improvements
- Now featuring COSMIC Files, Editor and Terminal from the [COSMIC Desktop](https://system76.com/cosmic/)!
- Huge improvements to the portability of Linux/BSD programs
- Wide-ranging clean-up and debugging of the kernel, drivers and PCIe support
## Donations and Funding
In the past 12 months, we have received generous grants from [NLnet's NGI Zero Core Fund](https://nlnet.nl/core/)
and [Radworks](https://radworks.org/), allowing us to support a community manager and a student developer.
We are seeking community donations to support one or more full-time developers.
We need the help of generous donors like you!
If you want to help support Redox development, you can make a donation to our [Patreon](https://www.patreon.com/redox_os)
or [Donorbox](https://donorbox.org/redox-os),
or choose one of the other methods on our [Donate](https://redox-os.org/donate/) page.
You can also buy Redox merch (t-shirts, hoodies and mugs!) at our [Redox store](https://redox-os.creator-spring.com/).
If you know an organization or foundation that may be interested in supporting Redox, please contact us at [donate@redox-os.org](donate@redox-os.org)
## Overview Video
If you want to avoid the setup work of running Redox on real hardware or in a Virtual Machine,
have a look at our [Software Showcase 1](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s-gxAsBTPxA),
where we show off a programs running on Redox. (Embedded video below)
## Running Redox
It is recommended to try Redox OS in a virtual machine before trying on real hardware. See
the [supported hardware](https://www.redox-os.org/faq/#which-devices-does-redox-support) section for details on what
hardware to select for the best experience.
- Read [this](https://doc.redox-os.org/book/ch02-01-running-vm.html) page to learn how to run the Redox images in a virtual machine
- Read [this](https://doc.redox-os.org/book/ch02-02-real-hardware.html) page to learn how to run the Redox images on real hardware
- Read [this](https://doc.redox-os.org/book/ch02-03-installing.html) page to learn how to install Redox
### Demo
A 1536 MiB image containing the Orbital desktop environment as well as pre-installed demonstration programs.
- [Real Hardware Image](https://static.redox-os.org/releases/0.9.0/x86_64/redox_demo_x86_64_2024-09-07_1225_livedisk.iso.zst)
- [Virtual Machine Image](https://static.redox-os.org/releases/0.9.0/x86_64/redox_demo_x86_64_2024-09-07_1225_harddrive.img.zst)
The demo image includes these additional packages:
- [DOSBox](https://www.dosbox.com/) - A DOS emulator
- Games using PrBoom:
- DOOM (Shareware)
- [FreeDOOM](https://freedoom.github.io/)
- [Neverball and Neverputt](https://neverball.org/) - OpenGL games using LLVMPipe (performance may vary!)
- [orbclient](https://gitlab.redox-os.org/redox-os/orbclient) - An Orbital client demo
- [Periodic Table](https://gitlab.redox-os.org/redox-os/periodictable) - A program for viewing information about chemical elements
- [Terminal games](https://gitlab.redox-os.org/redox-os/games) - Command-line games
- [rodioplay](https://gitlab.redox-os.org/redox-os/rodioplay) - A FLAC/WAV music player
- [Sodium](https://gitlab.redox-os.org/redox-os/sodium): A vi-like text editor
- [sopwith](http://www.sopwith.org/): A classic PC air combat game
- syobonaction - A freeware platforming game
### Desktop
A 512 MiB image containing the Orbital desktop environment and some programs for common tasks. Use this if you want to download a smaller image.
- [Real Hardware](https://static.redox-os.org/releases/0.9.0/x86_64/redox_desktop_x86_64_2024-09-07_1225_livedisk.iso.zst)
- [Virtual Machine Image](https://static.redox-os.org/releases/0.9.0/x86_64/redox_desktop_x86_64_2024-09-07_1225_harddrive.img.zst)
### Server
A 512 MiB image containing only the command-line environment. Use this if the desktop image is not working well for you.
- [Real Hardware](https://static.redox-os.org/releases/0.9.0/x86_64/redox_server_x86_64_2024-09-07_1225_livedisk.iso.zst)
- [Virtual Machine Image](https://static.redox-os.org/releases/0.9.0/x86_64/redox_server_x86_64_2024-09-07_1225_harddrive.img.zst)
## Key Improvements for Release 0.9.0
- Faster system calls and context switching
- Improved virtual and physical memory management, including the significantly faster `p2buddy` memory allocator
- Improved filesystem performance
- Self-hosting improvements
- Userspace ABI improvements, towards the long-term goal of a stable ABI
- VirtIO drivers for better performance in virtual machines
- Virtualized [TSC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_Stamp_Counter) gives a massive boost to context switching speed in virtual machines
- The [Unix path format](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path_(computing)#Unix_style) replaced the previous [URI format](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Identifier) used in our system interfaces,
improving compatibility with POSIX/Linux libraries and programs
- Relibc (our C library implementation) is almost 100% Rust (excluding `libm`) and much more complete
- Improvements to the bootloader for more hardware compatibility
- Significant progress on the ARM64 (Aarch64) support, including partial support for Raspberry Pi 3B+
- Contain (Redox's sandbox driver) has been expanded and is available as a demo (`desktop-contain.toml`)
- The first HTTP web server was ported ([Simple HTTP Server](https://github.com/TheWaWaR/simple-http-server))
- Slint, Iced and winit GUI libraries support the Redox's display server (Orbital)
- GNU Nano and [Helix](https://helix-editor.com/) editors were ported
- [RustPython](https://rustpython.github.io/) is working
- New build system options and improvements
- Lots of new documentation, lots of updates to reflect recent changes
- A [FAQ](https://www.redox-os.org/faq/) was added to the website
- Lots of content was added to the [Redox Book](https://doc.redox-os.org/book/) for developers that want to help with porting,
including a [Developer FAQ](https://doc.redox-os.org/book/ch09-07-developer-faq.html), [Libraries and APIs](https://doc.redox-os.org/book/ch09-06-libraries-apis.html), [educational content](https://doc.redox-os.org/book/ch09-08-references.html) and many other topics
- Our [development priorities](https://www.redox-os.org/news/development-priorities-2023-09/) and [porting strategy](https://www.redox-os.org/news/porting-strategy/) were explained
## Stability and Performance Improvements
Jeremy Soller and 4lDO2 have made huge improvements to stability and security, fixed many bugs, from easy to very hard, and added several new crates and components to encapsulate common elements.
We would like to thank 4lDO2 a lot for his massive work to improve the kernel and user-space daemons.
Some of his work includes:
- Paging and memory management
- Scheme deamon API encapsulation and refactoring
- Process lifecycle and signal management (our NLnet project)
- Context switching performance improvements
- First steps in implementing the "Stable ABI" strategy
- Being a key resource for the Redox community
You can read about parts of 4lDO2's journey to improve the kernel in the following posts:
- [RSoC: on-demand paging](https://www.redox-os.org/news/kernel-8/)
- [RSoC: on-demand paging II](https://www.redox-os.org/news/kernel-9/)
- [Significant performance and correctness improvements to the kernel](https://www.redox-os.org/news/kernel-10/)
- [Towards userspaceification of POSIX - part I: signal handling and IO](https://www.redox-os.org/news/kernel-11/)
## Drivers and Boot
Jeremy, 4lDO2 and bjorn3 all worked on improving drivers and boot, and several other people made important contributions.
Some of bjorn3's contributions include:
- Improved boot correctness for UEFI
- Improvements and bug fixes for many PCI/PCIe drivers
- Removing all the old format paths and replacing them with the new format
- General code cleanup and update of drivers
- Move the driver folders to categories
Many thanks to bjorn3 and all our driver contributors!
## Relibc Improvements
Relibc is the Redox C Standard Library, an alternative to the POSIX libc, glibc and musl.
Relibc is written in Rust, and provides standard C and POSIX APIs, as well as many libc utility functions.
It was originally envisioned to be an alternative to libc for both Linux and Redox.
Increasingly, it has been the home for many Redox system services, including such things as fork, exec, pthred, and signal handling,
as we try to move functionality out of the kernel while still supporting POSIX APIs.
Many of the services have an underlying kernel or daemon scheme that implements part of the functionality,
but the scheme may have little of the service's complexity.
Relibc is also now key to our "stable ABI" strategy.
The plan is for files to dynamically link against Relibc, which will provide a stable ABI for the dynamic linker.
New POSIX functions will be added to Relibc, but none will be removed.
That will leave us free to change the implementation of the services as Redox evolves,
but still be able to run binaries compiled for older Redox versions.
4lDO2 has started the first phase of creating the stable ABI,
creating a consistent internal API for current kernel services.
He has also started to refactor relibc to separate services from APIs,
and to make it easier to provide a non-POSIX API for system services in the future.
Not to mention his extensive work on the NLnet-funded Signals and Process Lifecycle project,
including moving signal handling into Relibc.
And thank you to all our other Relibc contributors, who have implemented many libc functions,
tremendously helping our effort to port Linux/BSD software.
Special thanks to Darley Barreto, who has worked hard to remove any remaining C code from libc,
partitioning out libm (which is still largely in C) and replacing our malloc implementation with dlmalloc-rs.
## Better ARM64 Support
The contributor uvnn cleaned and improved our ARM64 support a lot, we would like to thank his massive work in 2023.
Ivan Tan got Redox to boot on the Raspberry Pi 3 B+,
and helped us improve the build tools to support multiple Raspberry Pi devices and other ARM platforms.
ARM is a different challenge than x86_64, because there is little standardization of hardware platforms.
We hope to get Redox running on more ARM64 hardware in the future.
Jeremy also improved the ARM support to the level where we can start the Orbital session on the QEMU emulation.
## A Note about USB Support
USB support is under heavy development and is a key feature for us, but it did not quite make the cut for this release.
We hope to have an update for USB HID in the near future,
which will provide support for USB mouse and keyboard, as well as game controllers.
This will be followed by USB hub support, which is mandatory, as many motherboards route some or all USB ports through
an internal hub.
Then we will start work on USB storage.
Thanks to Jeremy and 4lDO2 for their work on this, and special thanks to new contributor Tim Finnegan for his emergency work
to try to squeeze this in under the wire.
Watch for [News](https://redox-os.org/news/) about USB!
## VirtIO Support
Anhad Singh from the [Aero OS](https://github.com/Andy-Python-Programmer/aero) project participated in our RSoC program from 2023 to write VirtIO drivers for Redox.
You can read about his work on the following posts:
- [RSoC: virtio drivers - 1](https://www.redox-os.org/news/rsoc-virtio-1/)
- [RSoC: virtio drivers - 2](https://www.redox-os.org/news/rsoc-virtio-2/)
## Self-Hosting Improvements
The NLnet-funded Signals and Process Lifecycle work has had the key side-effect of improving the operation of
many software tools.
The Rust and GCC toolchains are able to build basic programs, but with some limitations.
Self-hosting the build is high on our agenda, and these improvements have helped us take a huge leap forward.
## Software Updates
Our toolchains received some updates and currently our Rust, C and C++ toolchains are all recent versions,
which significantly improves compatibility when porting other Linux/POSIX and Rust software.
We also updated important cross-platform libraries and improved the build process for programs that depend on those libraries,
greatly simplifying the job of porting applications.
## Rust-first Program Porting!
We have been focusing our initial porting efforts on Rust programs as they are easier to port.
Ribbon created WIP ports for hundreds of emerging Rust programs in 2023,
and many are working with no modification.
## C/C++ Programs
Ribbon also created WIP ports for classic and widely-used C/C++ programs and libraries, he focused to package the most used (and best) programs of the Linux/BSD world.
Currently there are around 1,700 work-in-progress software ports, we need to write cross-compilation scripts and port/update some libraries to make them work.
## First HTTP Web Server
We ported our first HTTP web server, [Simple HTTP Server](https://github.com/TheWaWaR/simple-http-server), and served a website from Redox.
Thanks very much to contributor bpisch for his work on porting many difficult programs, and for this one in particular.
## Notable Programs
- Apache HTTP Server was ported and currently can serve a website on `localhost`
- RustPython was ported and is our first working Python interpreter implementation
- GNU Make was updated to a recent version
- The Lua interpreter was ported
- Perl 5 was ported
## Debugging Improvements
The process to debug the recipes of Rust programs was implemented and the debugging documentation was improved.
It's possible to enable the Rust debug symbols and get the backtrace from the build system.
## Build System Improvements
We would like to thank Ron Williams, bjorn3, Jeremy and 4lDO2 for their massive improvements to our build system configuration and tooling.
Ron Williams and Jeremy implemented new commands to ease the life of developers, packagers and testers.
bjorn3 simplified our filesystem configuration system, reducing duplication and maintenance effort.
4lDO2 improved the performance of our recipe verification and image building process.
## Documentation
Our documentation was improved massively thanks to Ron Williams and Ribbon. In 2023-2024 we covered many missing things in the website and book, removed most of the obsolete information and documented almost all build system commands.
Ron Williams and Ribbon worked hard to make our website and book extremely rich in information for end-users, Rust programming newbies and veterans, and operating system development newbies and veterans.
Many other contributors offered help with corrections and clarity for both the book and the website.
We are glad to say that our website and book answer most of the end-user and developer questions about Redox.
You can read about the Ribbon's documentation adventure on [this](https://www.redox-os.org/news/documentation-improvements/) post and on the monthly updates.
## This Month in Redox
We started monthly updates in 2024 to improve our status report for the community and bring more excitement to Redox, these posts offer more details about the changes present on this post.
You can read them on the following links:
- [This Month in Redox - January 2024](https://www.redox-os.org/news/this-month-240131/)
- [This Month in Redox - February 2024](https://www.redox-os.org/news/this-month-240229/)
- [This Month in Redox - March 2024](https://www.redox-os.org/news/this-month-240330/)
- [This Month in Redox - April 2024](https://www.redox-os.org/news/this-month-240430/)
- [This Month in Redox - May 2024](https://www.redox-os.org/news/this-month-240531/)
- [This Month in Redox - June 2024](https://www.redox-os.org/news/this-month-240630/)
- [This Month in Redox - July 2024](https://www.redox-os.org/news/this-month-240731/)
- [This Month in Redox - August 2024](https://www.redox-os.org/news/this-month-240831/)
## Software Showcase
We created the first in (hopefully) a series of videos showing many programs running on Redox!
<iframe width="800" height="640" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/s-gxAsBTPxA?si=EbIRLwIrnuiwfvYZ" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe>
## Matrix
In 2023 we migrated from Mattermost to Matrix to fix some management problems, this big change helped us to improve many aspects of our community interaction.
The most important thing that Matrix fixed was the account creation approval for the chat and GitLab. In Matrix we are able to quickly do account approval using the "Join Requests" room, where each new user needs to request an invite to the Matrix space.
The same applies for new GitLab accounts where each new contributor sends their GitLab nickname on the "GitLab Approvals" room for approval.
This lets us minimize the number of spam accounts while still allowing everyone who wants to contribute to join easily.
You can read more about it on our [community announcements](https://www.redox-os.org/news/community-announcements-1/) post.
If you had problems to create an account on Mattermost in the past please try again in our Matrix chat.
## Discord
A Discord server has been an important request from the community because it's more convenient for many members.
We chose not to use Discord as the main chat platform, because it's not free and open-source.
Ribbon took the task and created the official Discord server. The Discord messages are bridged to Matrix and the moderation system is the same as for Matrix.
## The Redox OS Nonprofit
This is our first release since the creation of the Redox Nonprofit!
The purpose of the Nonprofit is to help raise and manage funds for Redox development,
to support the community, and to support the Redox OS name.
We have board meetings every quarter, which are recorded, and our minutes and notes are available in the [Nonprofit repo](https://gitlab.redox-os.org/redox-os/nonprofit).
## Changes
There have been quite a lot of changes since 0.8.0. We have manually enumerated
what we think is important in this list. Links to exhaustive source-level change
details can be found in the [Changelog](#changelog) section.
## In Depth
The most important changes are shown below.
### Kernel
- The memory performance was improved a lot by the introduction of a buddy memory allocator (p2buddy)
- The CPU cost of many system calls was reduced a lot, improving the overral performance
- The `futex` implementation was improved
- The i686 and x86_64 code was cleaned and deduplicated
- The debugging code received fixes
- The kernel image became bootloader-agnostic
### RedoxFS
- The read/write performance was improved a lot by the introduction of the "records" concept, where RedoxFS use an optimal block size for the context switch
- The context switch roundtrips were reduced
- The copy-on-write reliability was improved with some bugs fixed
### System API
- Virtually all system components migrated from `redox_syscall` to `libredox`, to allow an optimal unstable syscall ABI and eventually a stable userspace ABI
- The scheme path format is now converted at runtime (relibc/kernel) to avoid the patching of many libraries and programs, the Redox system interfaces are treated like the Linux target now
- The scheme cancellation was implemented to allow the file descriptors to be closed
- New user-space schemes were introduced
- Many improvements to the scheme interface
### Networking
- The MAC addresses handling was improved
### Orbital
- The winit support for client side decorations, hidden windows, maximization, and updating flags after window creation was implemented
- Videos and music can be played from GUI programs by a mouse double-click
- The Orbital visual was improved
### Ion Shell
- A LSP language server for the Ion's scripting language was implemented
### Programs
- A lot of new functions were added to relibc, improving the software compatibility
- Many bugs were fixed
- Many programs started to work
- More than 1700 programs and libraries were packaged (work-in-progress)
### Cookbook
- More recipes were converted to TOML
- All recipes were moved to categories
- ABI separation was added for some libraries
- Package policies were added to improve the quality of program packages
- A recipe for the Redox website was added
### Build System
- The `disk=` option was implemented to select the storage interface
- An option to boot Redox from a NVMe interface was implemented
- A command to run multiple recipe operations was implemented
- New cleanup options
- A script to run multiple recipe operations on Cookbook categories was added
- A script to get the Rust backtrace was added
- A script to show the recipe location was added
- A script to show the recipe configuration file was added
- A script to show all recipe executables was added
- A script to show the recipe package size was added
- A script to automatically update Rust programs was added
- A script to show the current commit hash of the submodules and recipes was added
- A script to install Redox on `systemd-boot` as dual-boot was added
- A new filesystem configuration design was implemented, it helped us to deduplicate files and improved the flexbility a lot
- The `rust` submodule fetch was disabled, reducing the download time a lot
### Documentation
- Porting documentation was added
- A developer FAQ was added
- The build system dependencies for each supported Unix-like system was documented
- A feature comparison was added
- A page to learn Rust, OS development, driver development and computer science was added
- The driver descriptions and interfaces was documented
- The RedoxFS features were documented
- The current security system was documented
- The "Quick Workflow" page for advanced testers and developers was added
- The instructions to run Redox on VirtualBox were documented
- Huge improvements and cleanup in almost all pages of the book
### Community
- We migrated the chat platform from Mattermost to Matrix
- A moderation system was implemented
- A nonprofit organization was created to help the donation management
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## Changelog
As many changes happened it's not possible to write everything on this post, this section contains all commits since the 0.8.0 version generated by the [changelog](https://gitlab.redox-os.org/redox-os/redox/-/blob/master/changelog.sh) script:
- [redox](https://gitlab.redox-os.org/redox-os/redox/-/compare/c8634bd...f2fc8e6)
- [cookbook](https://gitlab.redox-os.org/redox-os/cookbook/-/compare/3d72057d...29bf5784)
- [audiod](https://gitlab.redox-os.org/redox-os/audiod/-/compare/20474ef...f7c2426)
- [bootloader](https://gitlab.redox-os.org/redox-os/bootloader/-/compare/d398e37...c7588a1)
- [bootstrap](https://gitlab.redox-os.org/redox-os/bootstrap/-/compare/1effea3...94ac220)
- [ca-certificates](https://gitlab.redox-os.org/redox-os/ca-certificates/-/compare/b42b9c5...4df67f2)
- [contain](https://gitlab.redox-os.org/redox-os/contain/-/compare/42b381b...e6b8856)
- [coreutils](https://gitlab.redox-os.org/redox-os/coreutils/-/compare/690460d...b52a1b2)
- [cosmic-edit](https://github.com/pop-os/cosmic-edit) - New project
- [cosmic-files](https://github.com/pop-os/cosmic-files) - New project
- [cosmic-icons](https://github.com/pop-os/cosmic-icons) - New project
- [cosmic-term](https://github.com/pop-os/cosmic-term) - New project
- [curl](https://gitlab.redox-os.org/redox-os/curl/-/compare/8b9c5bef9...f50c28394)
- [drivers](https://gitlab.redox-os.org/redox-os/drivers/-/compare/fc4a69c...897866d)
- [escalated](https://gitlab.redox-os.org/redox-os/escalated/-/compare/7e02fe4...06fe299)
- [extrautils](https://gitlab.redox-os.org/redox-os/extrautils/-/compare/1f9cf9c...2218a14)
- [findutils](https://gitlab.redox-os.org/redox-os/findutils/-/compare/2b3a88f...116c044)
- [initfs](https://gitlab.redox-os.org/redox-os/redox-initfs/-/compare/89b8fb8...7dd9b2e)
- [installer](https://gitlab.redox-os.org/redox-os/installer/-/compare/f710fa7...087810a)
- [installer-gui](https://gitlab.redox-os.org/redox-os/installer-gui) - new project
- [ion](https://gitlab.redox-os.org/redox-os/ion/-/compare/b9c354eb...b1b9475f)
- [ipcd](https://gitlab.redox-os.org/redox-os/ipcd/-/compare/c930dfd...db2322c)
- [kernel](https://gitlab.redox-os.org/redox-os/kernel/-/compare/d298459...0c99e1b)
- [netstack](https://gitlab.redox-os.org/redox-os/netstack/-/compare/54d64d6...640e548)
- [netutils](https://gitlab.redox-os.org/redox-os/netutils/-/compare/34d1ec9...c78b13c)
- [orbdata](https://gitlab.redox-os.org/redox-os/orbdata/-/compare/1d6d330...3ca60ee)
- [orbital](https://gitlab.redox-os.org/redox-os/orbital/-/compare/e93c270...8b5497a)
- [orbutils](https://gitlab.redox-os.org/redox-os/orbutils/-/compare/b5aaf1e...4878e07)
- [pkgutils](https://gitlab.redox-os.org/redox-os/pkgutils/-/compare/8cc4d84...87e2dc8)
- [pop-icon-theme](https://github.com/pop-os/icon-theme/-/compare/ab3e9b1497...3126c6a3f6)
- [ptyd](https://gitlab.redox-os.org/redox-os/ptyd/-/compare/d1709e5...ab26604)
- [redoxfs](https://gitlab.redox-os.org/redox-os/redoxfs/-/compare/f601b2a...5c8f22b)
- [relibc](https://gitlab.redox-os.org/redox-os/relibc/-/compare/ee0193aa...7a86d101)
- [resist](https://gitlab.redox-os.org/redox-os/resist/-/compare/8d420dc...1a09fad)
- [userutils](https://gitlab.redox-os.org/redox-os/userutils/-/compare/0621709...7a96dab)
- [init](https://gitlab.redox-os.org/redox-os/init/-/compare/0c87d80...f5aaf7f)
- [logd](https://gitlab.redox-os.org/redox-os/logd/-/compare/734bb92...e0f930a)
- [ramfs](https://gitlab.redox-os.org/redox-os/ramfs/-/compare/d3fd7f2...f404d64)
- [randd](https://gitlab.redox-os.org/redox-os/randd/-/compare/934f130...1c88eea)
- [zerod](https://gitlab.redox-os.org/redox-os/zerod/-/compare/4b1b17c...286bd4a)
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